Unbiased Facts about Commercial Dog Food 

and Flint River Ranch

The Truth About Commercial Pet Food

Top 10 Dry Dog Foods- Whole Dog Journal

How to Read a Pet Food Label and Food Comparisons

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The Truth About Commercial Pet Food

by Tina Perry

Cow brains. Sheep guts. Chicken heads. Road kill. Rancid grain. These are a few of the so-called nutritionally balanced ingredients found in the commercial pet food served to companion animals every day.

More than 95 percent of US companion animals derive their nutritional needs from a single source: processed pet food. When people think of pet food, many envision whole chickens, choice cuts of beef, fresh grains, and all the nutrition that a dog or cat may ever need -- images that pet food manufacturers promote in their advertisements. What these companies do not reveal is that instead of whole chickens they have substituted chicken heads, feet, and intestines. Those choice cuts of beef are really cow brains, tongues, esophagi, fetal tissue dangerously high in hormones, and possibly diseased and even cancerous meat. Those whole grains have had the starch removed for corn starch powder and the oil extracted for corn oil, or they are hulls and other remnants from the milling process. Grains used that are truly whole have usually been deemed unfit for human consumption because of mold, contaminants, poor quality, or poor handling practices. Pet food is one of the worlds most synthetic edible products, containing virtually no whole ingredients.

Pet food manufacturers have become masters at inducing companion animals to eat things cat and dogs would normally spurn. Pet food scientists have learned that it's possible to take a mixture of inedible scraps, fortify it with artificial vitamins and minerals, preserve it so that it can sit on the shelf for more than a year, add dyes to make it attractive, and then extrude it into whimsical shapes that appeal to the human consumer. For this, pet food companies can expect to earn $9 billion in sales in 1996.

Scraps and Byproducts

For years, many care givers have tried to avoid feeding their companion animals people food leftovers, having been warned by veterinarians about the heath problems they can cause. Yet much scrap material from the human food industry is ending up in dogs and cats dinner bowls. What the consumer purchases and what the manufacturer advertises are often two entirely different products, and this difference threatens the animals healthy, especially as they age. Learning to read ingredient labels and taking the time to read them carefully is crucial to making an educated choice when purchasing pet food. Ingredients are listed in descending order of weight (heaviest first) under standards established by the Center for Veterinary Medicine for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The name of the product (in most states) is dictated by the regulations of the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). The trouble is, AAFCO standards can lead to deceptive product names due to the weight and volume variations between wet and dry ingredients. Also, the average consumer has no idea what the definitions for the listed ingredients mean. Preservatives, vitamins, minerals, flavorings, and cereal make up most of what the companion animal eats.

It is not happenstance that four of the top five major pet food companies in the United States are subsidiaries of major multinational food production companies: Colgate Palmolive (which produces Hills Science Diet), Heinz, Nestle, and Mars )see The Corporate Connection). From a business standpoint, multi-national food companies owning pet food manufacturers is an ideal relationship. The multinationals have captive market in which to dump their waste products, and the pet food manufacturers have a direct source of bulk materials. Both make a profit from selling scraps that originate from places far worse than the dinner table. In his 1986 book Pet Allergies veterinarian Al Plechner sums up what goes into companion animals food: Condemned parts and animals rejected for human consumption are routinely rerouted for commercial pet foods. A similar fate applies to so-called 4-D animals. These are food animals picked up dead, or that are dying, diseased, or disabled, and do not meet human-food qualifications. They are processed straightaway for companion animal consumption. Little goes to waste. Says Plechner, Food processing refuse of all sorts winds up in your animals dinner bowls. Moldy grains. Rancid foods. Meat meal. The latter is ground-up slaughterhouse discards often containing disease-ridden tissue and high levels of hormones and pesticides, the very things that may have contributed to the death of the steer or hog. A decade later, his words still apply. When cattle, swine, chickens, lambs, or other animals meet their ends at a slaughterhouse, the choice cuts -- lean muscle tissue and organs prized by humans -- are trimmed away from the carcass for human consumption. Whatever remains of the carcass (bones, blood, pus, intestines, ligaments, subcutaneous fat, hooves, horns, beaks, and any other parts not normally consumed by humans) is, according to the pet food industry, perfectly fit as a protein source for cat and dog food.

The Pet Food Institute, the trade association of pet food manufacturers, acknowledges in its 1994 Fact Sheet the importance of using byproducts in pet foods as additional income for processors and farmers. The purchase and use of these ingredients by the pet food industry not only provides nutritional foods for pets at reasonable costs, but provides an important source of income to American farmers and processors of meat, poultry, and seafood products for human consumption. Many of these remnants are indigestible and provide a questionable source of nutrition. The amount of nutrition provided by meat byproducts, meals, and digests varies from vat to vat of this animal protein soup. A vat filled with chicken feet, beaks, and viscera is going to make available a lower amount of protein than a vat of breast meat. James Morris and Quinton Rogers, professors with Department of Molecular Biosciences at the University of California at Davis Veterinary School of Medicine, assert that there is virtually no information on the bioavailability of nutrients for companion animals in many of the common dietary ingredients used in pet foods. These ingredients are generally byproducts of the meat, poultry and fishing industries, with the potential for wide variation in nutrient composition. Claims of nutritional adequacy of pet foods based on the current AAFCO nutrient allowances (profiles) do not give assurances of nutritional adequacy and will not until ingredients are analyzed and bioavailability values are incorporated. Meat byproducts, the catch-all term of the pet food industry, is a misnomer because these byproducts contain little if any meat. Byproducts contain little if any meat. Byproduct are animal parts leftover after the meat has been stripped from the bone. Chicken byproducts include heads, feet, entrails, lungs, spleens, kidneys, brains, livers, stomachs, noses, blood, and intestines free of their contents. What the pet food manufactures fail to mention is that most byproducts, digests and meals are also filled with other substances, such as cancerous tissue cut from the carcass, plastic foam packaging containing spoiled meat from supermarkets, ear tags, spoiled slaughterhouse meat, road kill, and pieces of downer animals.

Canned Cannibalism

Another source of meat that isn't mentioned on pet food labels is pet byproducts, the bodies of dogs and cats. In 1990 the San Francisco Chronicle reported that euthanized companion animals were found in pet foods. Although pet food company executives and the National Renderers Association vehemently denied the report, the American Veterinary Medical Association and the FDA confirmed the story. The pets serve a viable purpose by providing foodstuff for the animal feed chain, said Lea McGovern, chief of the FDA's animal feed safety branch. Because of the sheer volume of animals rendered and the similarity in protein content between poultry byproducts and processed dogs and cats, rendering plant workers say it would be impossible for purchasers to know the exact contents of what they buy. In fact, Sacramento Rendering cited by inspectors five times in the past two years for product-labeling violations.

Grease and Grain

The most nutritious dry pet food is no better than the worst if an animal will not eat it. Pet food scientists have discovered that spraying the kibble or pellets with a combination of refined animal fat, lard, kitchen grease, and other oils too rancid or deemed inedible for humans makes an otherwise bland or distasteful product palatable. Animal fat is mainly packing house waste or supermarket trimmings from the packaging of meats. Animals love the taste of this sprayed fat, which also acts as a binding agent to which manufacturers may add other flavor enhancers. The pungent odor wafting from an open bag of pet food is created by this concoction. Restaurant grease has become a major component of feed-grade animal fat over the last 15 years. Often held in 50-gallon drums for weeks or months in extreme temperatures, this grease is usually kelp outside with no regard for its safety or further use. The rancid grease is then picked up by fat blenders who mix the animal and vegetable fats together, stabilize them with powerful antioxidants to prevent further spoilage, and then sell the blended products to pet food companies. Rancid, heavily preserved fats are extremely difficult to digest and can lead to a host of animal health problems, including digestive upsets, diarrhea, gas, and bad breath. Once considered a filler by the pet food industry, the amount of grain products included in pet food has risen over the last decade as the American population has focused its attention away from consuming beef and toward a healthier diet of grains and vegetables. Commonly two of the the top three pet food ingredients are some form of grain products. For instance, Alpo's Beef Flavored Dinner lists ground yellow corn, soybean meal, and poultry byproduct meal as its top three ingredients. 9 Lives Crunchy Meals lists ground yellow corn, corn gluten meal, and poultry byproduct meal as its top three ingredients. Of the top four ingredients of Purina's O.N.E. Dog Formula -- chicken, ground yellow corn, ground wheat, and corn gluten meal -- two are corn-based products from the same source. This is an industry practice known as splitting. When components of the same whole ingredient are listed separately (ground yellow corn and corn gluten meal) it appears that there is less corn than chicken, even when the whole ingredient may weigh more than the chicken. Soy is another common ingredient in many pet foods. It is used by the manufacturers to boost the claimed protein content and add bulk so that when animals eat a product containing soy they will fell more sated. Tofu is suitable for humans, but most forms of soybean do not agree with a dog or cat's digestive system. Like many other pet food ingredients, soy is virtually unusable by an animal's body. Being obligate carnivores, cats have little ability to digest any nutrients from soy. The problem is worse for dogs because they lack the essential amino acid to digest soy products. Soy has also been linked to bloat and gas in many dogs.

Additives and Processing

Pet food industry critics note that many of the ingredients (such as corn syrup and corn gluten meal) used as humectants to prevent oxidation also bind water molecules in such a way that the food actually sticks to the animal's colon and may cause blockage. Blockage of the colon may cause an increased risk of cancer of the colon or rectum. Two-thirds of the pet food manufactured in the United States contains synthetic preservatives added by the manufacturer. Of the remaining third, 90 percent includes ingredients already stabilized by synthetic preservatives. Because most pet food contains large percentages of added fat, a stabilizer is needed to maintain the quality of the food. Sodium nitrite, often used as a coloring agent, fixative, and preservative, has the ability to combine with natural stomach and food chemicals (secondary amends) to create nitrosamines, powerful cancer-causing agents, according to A Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives.

Many pet foods advertised as preservative-free do not contain preservatives. Almost all rendered meats have synthetic preservatives added as stabilizer, but manufacturers aren't required to list preservatives they themselves haven't added. Premixed vitamin additives can also contain preservatives. In the 1003 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, veterinarian Philip Roudebush reported finding low concentrations of synthetic antioxidant preservatives in all analyzed samples of products labeled as chemical free or all-natural. Other types of additives depend on whether the pet food is semi-moist, dry or canned. Because semi-moist food contains 25-50 percent water, antimicrobial preservatives must be used. Propylene glycol was frequently used in cat food until it was pulled in 1992 for causing a variety of health problems. Processing greatly alters the nutritional value of the food ingredients. Veterinarian R. L. Wysong states in Rationale for Animal Nutrition: Processing is the wild card in nutritional value that is, by and large, simply ignored. Heating, freezing, dehydrating, canning, extruding, pelleting, baking and so forth, are so commonplace that they are simply thought of as synonymous with food itself. Because the ingredients that pet food companies use are not wholesome, and harsh manufacturing practices destroy what little nutritional value the food may have had in the first place, the final product must be fortified with vitamins and minerals.

Questionable Nutrition

How, then, can any pet food be guaranteed to be 100 percent complete or nutritionally adequate? As long as it meets the AFFCO minimum standards, such a guarantee can be on the label. Yet in 1994, feed tests conducted by the New York State Agriculture Department showed 7 percent of all pet foods analyzed failed chemical analyses for guaranteed nutrients. Other states report similar findings, with failure of analyzed feed ranging from to 12 percent. Even if a pet food meets AAFCO standards, certain nutritional requirements (for example, lysine) can vary between species by as much as seven-fold. Although manufacturers clam that millions of companion animals can thrive on a diet consisting of nothing by commercial pet food, research and an increasing number of veterinarians implicate processed pet food as a source of disease or as an exacerbating agent for a number of degenerative diseases. For example, kidney disease is on of the top three killers of companion animals. According to Plechner, the extra protein and harsh ingredients of many pet foods place an overload on the kidneys. Left untreated, the toxic buildup leads to vomiting, loss of appetite, uremic poisoning, and death. Wysong adds, In the last few years, large statistical studies have shown the link between the diet (of processed foods) and a variety of degenerative diseases, including cancer, heart disease, allergies, arthritis, obesity, dental disease, etc. After extensive research, the Animal Protection Institute (API) published a Pet Food Investigative Report to educate companion animal care givers about pet food ingredients, ingredient definitions, labeling, and dietary ailments resulting from processed commercial pet food, including the most commonly know brands. Yet, whether such food is purchased at the supermarket, pet store, or from a veterinarian, it makes little difference in terms of the quality -- only in the cost. Since the report was published earlier this year, API has conducted more research on holistic pet care and pet food alternatives, but still claims that the vast majority of pet foods available on the market today provide less that optimum nutrition for companion animals.

It is sad to think that the food provided by animal care givers to their four-legged friends could be hazardous to the animals'; health and longevity. Care givers should assume responsibility for providing as healthful a diet as possible for the animals in the care. Consumers should be informed: speak with a holistic practitioner or herbalist, or consult your veterinarian (but be aware that a veterinarian's knowledge of nutrition may be limited to the two weeks of nutrition he or she had veterinary school 20 years ago). Although the ideal solution would be for companion animals to be fed only wholesome homemade and/or vegetarian diets, this is not an optician for everyone -- the cost and time commitment is sometimes prohibitive. By taking more moderate steps, however, care givers can still greatly improve a companion animals' diet and quality of life.

Tina Perry is an animal advocate with the Animal Protection Institute.
Reprinted from The Animals' Agenda

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Top Ten Dry Dog Food Recommendations-The Whole Dog Journal

If the  dog food you are currently feeding is  on this list, congrats on your smart choice! :-) You may still want to look at Flint River Ranch as an alternative and give your dog a new taste.

If you dog food is not on this list, I suggest you investigate Flint River Ranch and our other comparison list to give your pet the best health and food you can.

Please note: This list is not in any order. Whole Dog Journal does not rank its top ten dry dog foods.

Food Name	Manufacturer & Location	WDJ Comments
Back to Basics	Beowulf Natural Feeds Altmar, NY	"Human grade & hormone-free ingredients. Delivered fresh from manufacturer....Very high fat content (19%) reflects company owner's philosophy that more fat is good for dogs.  Also offers a pork-based formula."
Best In Show Power Food	Best In Show Jupiter, FL	Two meat sources in top three spots! Yay!" "Kitchen sink approach to formulation: fruits, vegetables, herbs, etc. added."
California Natural Chicken & Rice	Natura Pet Products, Santa Clara, CA	"Simple, short ingredients list. Great for allergy-prone dogs."
Canidae	Canidae Pet,  San Luis Obispo, CA	"Four major proteins ensure complete amino acid profile.  All ingredients are whole, not fragments. Date of manuafacture printed on label."
Eagle Pack Holistic Select	Eagle Pet Products, Inc. Mishawaka, IN	"Three major proteins ensure complete amino acid profile.  All ingredients are whole, not fragments.  Inclusion of organic chicken to be commended." "Kitchen sink approach to formulation (throwing a little of everything good into the pot)." "Eagle has made a giant leap forward with this product."
Flint River Dog Food	Flint River Ranch, Riverside, CA	"Fresh product shipped direct from factory..."
Innova	Natura Pet Products Santa Clara, CA	"Three proteins top the list; hurray! All ingredients are whole; company claims all ingredients are human-grade." "More kitchen sink formulating, with lots of what must be small amounts of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, supplements."
Limited Diets Duck & Potato	Innovative Veterinary Diets (division of Heinz Pet Products) Pittsburgh, PA	"Unlike Science Diet's precription foods, these products contain no artificial preservatives.  These foods, with their novel proteins (duck, rabbit, venison, whitefish, plus lamb) make elimination diets for allergy dogs easy."
Lifespan	PetGuard, Inc. Orange Park, FL	"Chicken in the first two spots." Con: "Corn gluten meal in the formulation."
MMillennia	Solid Gold Health Products for Pets, El Cajon, CA	"Two quality proteins in top four ingredients. Date of manufacture printed on label." Con: "Maker does not add preservatives of any kind, but does not disclose preservatives added to fat sources before manufacturing, either."
Natural Balance Ultra Premium	Dick Van Patten's Natural Balance, Pacoima, CA	"Three quality protein sources in top four ingredients. Mostly whole grains and vegetables used.  Company donates a portion of profits to local animal charities." Con: "We don't like any unnamed flavor enhancers, even if they are purportedly "natural."  Amounts of trendy supplements (vitamin C, glucosamine, yucca) not qualified."
Prime Life	Owen & Mandeville Pet Products, Oxford, CT	"Two proteins in top three ingredients.  Maker claims chicken and turkey meals are antibiotic-and hormone-free. Label lists kilocalories per cup of food." Con: "We don't like unnamed flavor enhancers, even if they are purportedly "natural."
PHD Canine Growth and Maintenance	Perfect Health Diet Products, Inc., White Plains, NY	"Company encourages owners to supplement dog's diet with real foods - radical!- for live, healthy gastrointestinal bacteria and other nutrients." Con: "Use of "poultry" rather than single-source protein such as "chicken."
Pinnacle	Breeder's Choice Pet Foods, Irwindale, CA	"Two proteins top the list. Most ingredients are whole. Great enzymes (papain and alpha amylase) and probiotics added. Kilocalories per cup provided."
Wellness Super5Mix	Old Mother Hubbard Lowell, MA	"Three protein sources top the list; that's awesome.  Maker says lamb is hormone-free.  Filtered water is used in food production. Food is baked; probiotics and prebiotics added afterward. More kitchen sink formulating, with lots of small amounts of fruits, vegetables, herbs, supplements."
Wysong Maintenance	Wysong Corporation Midland, MI	"This food appears to contain less meat than any other food listed here; perhaps a helpful option for dogs who are intolerant of meat proteins." Con: "We'd prefer to see "chicken fat" rather than the potentially mixed "poultry fat" ingredient."

What to look for on the ingredient list

Quality Foods Should Contain:

• Superior sources of protein, either whole fresh meats or single source meat meal (ex. chicken meal rather than poultry meal)
• A whole-meat source as one of the first two ingredients.
• Whole, unprocessed grains, vegetables, and other foods.  Nutrients and enzymes are more likely to be found in unprocessed foods.

Quality foods should contain very little to NONE of the following:

• Food fragments - lower-cost by-products of another food manufacturing process, such as brewer's rice and wheat bran...Manufacturers usually include at least one fragment to help lower costs. Beware any food that includes several fragments.
• Meat by-products (not handled as carefully as whole meat) - any food that contains meat by-products as the MAJOR protein source indicates a low-quality product.  

High Quality Foods should not contain

• Fats or proteins named generically (ex. animal fat/poultry fat instead of  beef fat/ lamb meal)
• Artificial preservatives (BHA, BHT, ethioxyquin)
• Artificial colors.
• Sweeteners (corn syrup, sucrose, ammoniated glycyrrhizin) to improve unappealing food Propylene glycol - a toxic substance when consumed in large amounts; added to some "chewy" foods to keep them moist.

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 How to Read a Pet Food Label

The list of ingredients printed by law on every bag of pet food is the best source of information about a food.  Ingredients are listed in order of their volume percentages.  Compare the ingredients and decide for yourself.  Look for a natural pet food that contains the hallmarks of a high-quality food and none of the hallmarks of a low-quality food.  A good pet food will contribute to a healthy coat, good energy level, balanced temperament, and flawless health. 

High quality food should contain the following:

Superior sources of protein.  This means either whole, fresh meats, or single source meat meal.  (For example chicken meal rather than chicken by-products.) 

A whole-meat source as one of the first two ingredients. Meat is the most natural source of protein for cats and dogs and contains the amino acids most important to pet health.  A mix of meat proteins (such as chicken and fish) helps round out the amino acid profile of the proteins included in the food.  If a list of ingredients begins with whole chicken followed by three or more grains and no other meat proteins, it is likely that the food contains considerably more grain than meat. 

Whole, unprocessed grains, vegetables, and other foods. A previously unprocessed food has the best chance of surviving the food-making process with some of its nutrients intact. 

High-quality food should not contain the following:

Food fragments.  Fragments are lower-cost by-products of another food manufacturing process such as brewer's rice  (a waste product of the alcohol industry), wheat flour, and rice flour.  Most foods contain at least one fragment as makers attempt to keep the food affordable. Beware of a product that contains several fragments of a single food or is the main ingredient. 

Meat by-products.  Using an animal by-product (or more than one animal by-product) for a food's main protein source is indicative of a low-quality product.  (i.e. chicken by-product).  Animal by-products are any part of an animal not acceptable for human consumption.  Ingredients listed as by-products are not required to include actual meat.  

Corn products in dog food.  The presence of corn products - particularly if they are high on the list of ingredients - may indicate that corn has been used instead of a more expensive alternative.  About 25% of the corn produced in the U.S. today is genetically modified.  Corn is more difficult to digest either by humans or dogs.  

Corn gluten meal in dog food.  Corn gluten meal is a concentrated source of protein that can be substituted for costlier animal protein. In many bargain dry dog foods, corn gluten meal provides a large proportion or the total protein in the food rather than more digestible forms of protein such as meat. 

INDICATORS OF A LOW-QUALITY FOOD

Generic fats or proteins.  Animal fat can be just about anything; recycled grease from restaurants or an unwholesome "mystery mix" of fats.  Animal protein is far inferior to beef protein or chicken protein. 

Artificial preservatives.  BHA, BHT, Ethoxyquin, and propylene glycol. Have been known to cause cancer. 

Artificial colors.  Your pet doesn't care what color his food is and doesn't need daily - lifetime - exposure to these unnecessary chemicals. 

Sweeteners.  Corn syrup, sucrose, sugar, ammoniated glycyrrhizin, and other sweeteners are sometimes added to lower-quality foods to increase their appeal. Dietary sugar can aggravate health problems in pets including diabetes. 

Flavors.   A high-quality food does not require flavoring to be palatable. 

Compare the FLINT RIVER RANCH "Top Ten" ingredients to the following commercial pet foods. All featured are chicken-based formulas.  Items in "RED" are indicators of a low quality ingredient.*  Ingredients are listed in order of their volume percentages.         

 DOG FOOD COMPARISON 

FLINT RIVER RANCH:  Chicken meal, wheat flour, ground rice, lamb meal, poultry fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and ascorbic acid), ground wheat, dried whole egg, lecithin, fish meal, brewers dried yeast.

EUKANUBA ADULT:  Chicken, chicken by-product meal, rice flour, ground corn, ground grain sorghum, fish meal, chicken fat preserved with mixed tocopherols, dried beet pulp, chicken digest, dried egg product.

IAMS CHUNK:  Chicken, corn meal, ground grain sorghum, chicken by-product meal, ground whole grain barley, chicken meal, chicken fat preserved with mixed tocopherols, dried beet pulp,
natural chicken flavor, dried egg product.

PEDIGREE:  Ground yellow corn, meat and bone meal, corn gluten meal, chicken by-product meal, animal fat preserved with BHA & BHT, wheat mill run, natural poultry flavor, rice, salt, potassium chloride.

PRO PLAN CHICKEN & RICE: Chicken, brewers rice, ground wheat, poultry by-product meal,
ground yellow corn, animal fat preserved with mixed tocopherols, corn gluten meal, corn bran, egg product, dried whey.

PURINA BENEFUL:  Ground yellow corn, chicken by-product meal, corn gluten meal, whole wheat flour, beef tallow, rice flour, soy flour, minerals, sugar.

SCIENCE DIET MAINTENANCE: Ground corn, poultry by-product meal, animal fat preserved with BHA, Propyl Gallate, & citric acid, dried beet pulp, vegetable oil, dried egg product, flaxseed, potassium chloride, iodized salt, choline chloride.

SCIENCE DIET NATURAL CHICKEN:  Brewers rice, ground wheat, turkey meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, animal fat preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid, chicken, vegetable oil, peas, carrots.   

CAT FOOD COMPARISON

 FLINT RIVER RANCH:  Chicken meal, ground yellow corn, lamb meal, corn gluten meal, poultry fat with mixed tocopherols and ascorbic acid, ground whole wheat, dried brewers yeast, corn germ meal, salt, dried beet pulp. 

EUKANUBA:  Chicken, chicken liver, chicken by-product meal, rice flour, chicken by-products, fish meal, corn grits, chicken fat preserverd with mixed tocopherols, dried beet pulp, dried egg product.

IAMS:  Chicken, chicken by-product meal, ground corn grits, ground sorghum grain, corn meal, chicken fat preserved with mixed tocopherols, dried beet pulp, dried egg product, natural chicken flavor fish meal.

PRO PLAN:  Corn gluten meal, chicken, wheat flour, brewers rice, ground yellow corn, beef tallow preserved with mixed tocopherols, egg product, sodium caseinate, phosphoric acid, calcium carbonate.

PURINA CAT CHOW:  Poultry by-product meal, ground yellow corn, wheat flour, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, brewers rice, beef tallow preserved with mixed tocopherols, fish meal, brewers dried yeast, animal digest.

SCIENCE DIET MAINTENANCE:  Chicken by-product meal, corn meal, brewers rice, animal fat preserved with BHA, Propyl Gallate, and citric acid, corn gluten meal, chicken liver digest, taurine preserved with BHT and BHA, beta carotene, potassium chloride.

SCIENCE DIET NATURE'S BEST CHICKEN:  Brewers rice, corn gluten meal, animal fat preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid, turkey meal, dried egg product, chicken, ground wheat, peas, carrots, dried beet pulp.

 

 

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Flint River Ranch Senior Distributor #120645 © 2004